Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
The operating principle of a wet electrostatic precipitator is essentially the same as that of a conventional electrostatic precipitator; the key difference lies in their dust-removal methods. Conventional electrostatic precipitators rely on mechanical rapping to remove collected dust, but during rapping, some dust may desorb and be carried away by the gas flow—this phenomenon is known as “secondary dust re-entrainment.” In contrast, wet electrostatic precipitators use liquid flushing for dust removal, whereby the collected dust is washed away with the liquid and subsequently collected in a centralized location, thereby eliminating secondary dust re-entrainment. This significantly enhances both dust-collection efficiency and operational stability. Because the dust-removal method employed in this type of electrostatic precipitator is liquid flushing, it is referred to as a “wet electrostatic precipitator.”
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Working Principle of Wet Electrostatic Precipitators
The operating principle of a wet electrostatic precipitator is essentially the same as that of a conventional electrostatic precipitator; the key difference lies in their dust-removal methods. Conventional electrostatic precipitators rely on mechanical rapping to remove collected dust, but during rapping, some dust may desorb and be carried away by the gas flow—this phenomenon is known as “secondary dust re-entrainment.” In contrast, wet electrostatic precipitators use liquid flushing for dust removal, whereby the collected dust is washed away with the liquid and subsequently collected in a centralized manner, eliminating secondary dust re-entrainment. This significantly enhances both dust-collection efficiency and operational stability. Because the dust-removal method in this type of electrostatic precipitator involves liquid flushing, it is referred to as a “wet electrostatic precipitator.”
Flue gas containing suspended particles enters the electrostatic mist eliminator through the inlet, where it is evenly distributed by a flow-distribution plate before entering the electric field. The suspended particles become charged and are then attracted to and collected on the collecting electrodes under the action of the electric field. Once the dust layer on the surface of the collecting electrodes reaches a certain thickness, it is washed off by a spray-water system installed above the electric field; the wash water flows into the ash hopper and is subsequently discharged into the sedimentation tank. The purified flue gas is then discharged through the chimney.
The operating principle of a wet electrostatic precipitator is essentially the same as that of a conventional electrostatic precipitator; the key difference lies in their dust-removal methods. Conventional electrostatic precipitators rely on mechanical rapping to remove collected dust, but during rapping, some dust may desorb and be carried away by the gas flow—this phenomenon is known as “secondary dust re-entrainment.” In contrast, wet electrostatic precipitators use liquid flushing for dust removal, whereby the collected dust is washed away with the liquid and subsequently collected in a centralized manner, eliminating secondary dust re-entrainment. This significantly enhances both dust-collection efficiency and operational stability. Because the dust-removal method in this type of electrostatic precipitator involves liquid flushing, it is referred to as a “wet electrostatic precipitator.”
Flue gas containing suspended particles enters the electrostatic mist eliminator through the inlet, where it is evenly distributed by a flow-distribution plate before entering the electric field. The suspended particles become charged and are then attracted to and collected on the collecting electrodes under the action of the electric field. Once the dust layer on the surface of the collecting electrodes reaches a certain thickness, it is washed off by a spray-water system installed above the electric field; the wash water flows into the ash hopper and is subsequently discharged into the sedimentation tank. The purified flue gas is then discharged through the chimney.
Technical Principle of the Wet Electrostatic Precipitator Based on the “Single-Power-Supply Split-Field” Patent Technology
The so-called single-power-supply segmented electric field involves using a single power supply and configuring the geometric dimensions of the electrodes to tailor the electric-field distribution to accommodate variations in the concentration and fineness of the flowing flue dust. In this approach, the electric field is divided along the direction of the gas flow into several subfields with unequal electric-field strengths; each subfield functions as an independent electrostatic precipitator powered by its own source. For example, dividing the field into three subfields is equivalent to operating a nine-subfield electrostatic precipitator powered by three separate sources, with each subfield handling flue gas characterized by a specific set of parameters. This arrangement effectively treats the flue gas as if it were sequentially processed by nine individual electrostatic precipitators in series, thereby achieving superior removal of fine particulate matter. However, employing a three-source, three-subfield electrostatic precipitator would entail substantial capital costs, increasing the investment burden on users. By contrast, adopting the single-power-supply segmented-electric-field technology enables cost savings and reduced energy consumption while maintaining the same level of efficiency. From a technical standpoint, this approach entails segmenting the design according to changes in flue-gas parameters—i.e., employing a dynamic design methodology—to achieve a more rational electric-field distribution and higher utilization rates for both the collecting plates and the power supplies.
The so-called single-power-supply segmented electric field involves using a single power supply and configuring the geometric dimensions of the electrodes to tailor the electric-field distribution to accommodate variations in the concentration and fineness of the flowing flue dust. In this approach, the electric field is divided along the direction of the gas flow into several subfields with unequal electric-field strengths; each subfield functions as an independent electrostatic precipitator powered by its own source. For example, dividing the field into three subfields is equivalent to operating a nine-subfield electrostatic precipitator powered by three separate sources, with each subfield handling flue gas characterized by a specific set of parameters. This arrangement effectively treats the flue gas as if it were sequentially processed by nine individual electrostatic precipitators in series, thereby achieving superior removal of fine particulate matter. However, employing a three-source, three-subfield electrostatic precipitator would entail substantial capital costs, increasing the investment burden on users. By contrast, adopting the single-power-supply segmented-electric-field technology enables cost savings and reduced energy consumption while maintaining the same level of efficiency. From a technical standpoint, this approach entails segmenting the design according to changes in flue-gas parameters—i.e., employing a dynamic design methodology—to achieve a more rational electric-field distribution and higher utilization rates for both the collecting plates and the power supplies.
Technical Features of the Wet Electrostatic Precipitator Based on the “Single-Power-Supply Split-Field” Patent Technology
Ultra-low emission concentrations. The final stage employs wet electrostatic mist elimination technology, which can efficiently remove SO₃ acid mist and other fine aerosols with particle sizes greater than 0.05 microns, thereby reducing the concentration of particulate matter in the outlet flue gas, effectively controlling PM2.5 emissions, and meeting even stricter emission standards; excellent corrosion resistance. The core components of the wet electrostatic precipitator are fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials, and the inner wall of the housing is coated with a corrosion-resistant paint to enhance the equipment’s corrosion resistance.
No secondary dust generation; high dust removal efficiency and stability. The liquid-spray cleaning method eliminates secondary dust, significantly enhancing dust removal efficiency and operational stability.
This technology can also remove heavy metals such as mercury and arsenic, as well as VOCs, from flue gas, thereby meeting current environmental protection requirements for new emission controls. By employing a patented “single-power-supply, multi-electric-field distribution” design, the system relaxes the stringent requirements imposed on electrostatic precipitators regarding dust specific resistivity, flue-gas temperature, humidity, and dust concentration, while enhancing purification efficiency and operational reliability. Furthermore, a robust insulation structure is adopted, in which insulating components do not come into direct contact with the flue gas, thus preventing surface tracking and flashover discharges and ensuring the long-term, reliable operation of the insulation system.
The high-voltage power supply controller employs microcomputer-based intelligent control, offering multiple operating modes and significant energy-saving and efficiency-enhancing capabilities.
High-voltage transformer: Utilizes a three-phase transformer, offering low energy consumption, reliable and stable operation, a low failure rate, and convenient maintenance.
Adopting an offline, staged ash-cleaning operation ensures that flue gas emissions comply with standards at all times.
Control automation is safe and reliable, with simple operation and maintenance, making it suitable for any worker; any electrician in the factory can install and service it.
Ultra-low emission concentrations. The final stage employs wet electrostatic mist elimination technology, which can efficiently remove SO₃ acid mist and other fine aerosols with particle sizes greater than 0.05 microns, thereby reducing the concentration of particulate matter in the outlet flue gas, effectively controlling PM2.5 emissions, and meeting even stricter emission standards; excellent corrosion resistance. The core components of the wet electrostatic precipitator are fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials, and the inner wall of the housing is coated with a corrosion-resistant paint to enhance the equipment’s corrosion resistance.
No secondary dust generation; high dust removal efficiency and stability. The liquid-spray cleaning method eliminates secondary dust, significantly enhancing dust removal efficiency and operational stability.
This technology can also remove heavy metals such as mercury and arsenic, as well as VOCs, from flue gas, thereby meeting current environmental protection requirements for new emission controls. By employing a patented “single-power-supply, multi-electric-field distribution” design, the system relaxes the stringent requirements imposed on electrostatic precipitators regarding dust specific resistivity, flue-gas temperature, humidity, and dust concentration, while enhancing purification efficiency and operational reliability. Furthermore, a robust insulation structure is adopted, in which insulating components do not come into direct contact with the flue gas, thus preventing surface tracking and flashover discharges and ensuring the long-term, reliable operation of the insulation system.
The high-voltage power supply controller employs microcomputer-based intelligent control, offering multiple operating modes and significant energy-saving and efficiency-enhancing capabilities.
High-voltage transformer: Utilizes a three-phase transformer, offering low energy consumption, reliable and stable operation, a low failure rate, and convenient maintenance.
Adopting an offline, staged ash-cleaning operation ensures that flue gas emissions comply with standards at all times.
Control automation is safe and reliable, with simple operation and maintenance, making it suitable for any worker; any electrician in the factory can install and service it.
Description of Key Components and Structure
(1) Anode Assembly: The anode plates of the wet electrostatic precipitator and mist eliminator are fabricated from multiple stainless steel tubes with a regular hexagonal cross-section, arranged into a honeycomb-shaped tube bundle. Honeycomb-type conductive fiberglass-reinforced plastic electrostatic mist eliminators offer the following advantages: 1) high mist-removal efficiency; 2) large flue-gas handling capacity; 3) compact footprint; 4) excellent conductivity and flame retardancy; and 5) light weight combined with high strength.
(2) Discharge electrode: Adopting a rigid structure and made of 304 stainless steel, the discharge electrode features a low corona inception voltage, uniform and stable corona discharge, reliable operation, and long service life. The use of a long-needle, wire-type rigid corona electrode with a smooth surface that facilitates ash removal results in a low corona inception voltage, uniform and stable corona discharge, minimal secondary current fluctuations under varying dust concentrations, extended service life, resistance to wire breakage, and no need for regular replacement.
(2) Discharge electrode: Adopting a rigid structure and made of 304 stainless steel, the discharge electrode features a low corona inception voltage, uniform and stable corona discharge, reliable operation, and long service life. The use of a long-needle, wire-type rigid corona electrode with a smooth surface that facilitates ash removal results in a low corona inception voltage, uniform and stable corona discharge, minimal secondary current fluctuations under varying dust concentrations, extended service life, resistance to wire breakage, and no need for regular replacement.
(3) Airflow Distribution Device: Based on the results of airflow distribution simulation experiments, an airflow equalization device is installed at the inlet and outlet nozzles in the form of a perforated plate. The structural parameters of the perforated plate—such as porosity, number of plate layers, and spacing between plates—are optimized through simulation calculations to achieve the best possible uniform airflow distribution.
(4) Insulation System: This system employs high-voltage porcelain support insulators and an external insulation structure designed for outdoor use in power systems, ensuring safety and reliability. No heating units are required, allowing direct commissioning. The high-voltage porcelain support insulators are fully subjected to a 45° water spray test prior to shipment, and their DC withstand voltage is more than twice the operating high voltage (secondary voltage). These insulators exhibit excellent aging resistance, superior high-temperature performance (even under surface flashover conditions), high mechanical strength, and broad applicability. The external insulation structure places the insulators within an insulator chamber, preventing exhaust gases from coming into contact with the insulators during operation. This reduces the frequency of surface contamination, thereby extending the reliable service life of the insulators.
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(5) Spray Cleaning System: The cleaning method employs water flushing, with intermittent spray rinsing. Through the control system, when the collected dust reaches a certain level, zone-specific spray rinsing is initiated. Industrial water is used for spray cleaning, and the washed water is directly returned to the recirculating water system. Typically, each cleaning cycle lasts 10 to 60 seconds, utilizing high-capacity water pumps and spray nozzles.
(6) External Support Frame and Maintenance Platform: The external support frame shall be fabricated by welding structural steel (Q235A). The maintenance platform shall have a width of no less than 800 mm, and the guardrail height shall be no less than 1.2 m. It shall provide convenient access for installation and maintenance inside the upper and lower enclosures, enabling the installation and repair of high-voltage power supplies and insulating enclosures. The maintenance platform and guardrails shall be made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic. The specifications and materials of the platform and guardrails shall comply with the relevant code requirements.
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Note: The above parameters are for reference only and shall not be construed as the customer’s actual usage.
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